Participatory Safety Improvement in Informal MSMEs: Human Factors, Environmental Risks, and WISE Intervention Outcomes in Indonesia

Authors

  • Khoirotun Najihah Siregar Occupational Safety and Health Diploma IV Programm, Faculty of Public Health, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
  • Nur Amalia Occupational Safety and Health Diploma IV Programm, Faculty of Public Health, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
  • Ananda Apriliana Occupational Safety and Health Diploma IV Programm, Faculty of Public Health, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia
  • Ervan Kristin Telamumbanua Occupational Safety and Health Diploma IV Programm, Faculty of Public Health, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61963/jpkt.v4i1.136

Keywords:

Occupational safety, Informal sector, Participatory intervention

Abstract

Occupational health and safety in the informal Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector remains a critical yet under-examined issue in Indonesia. This qualitative case study investigates the determinants of workplace accidents in the Panglong Kayu Kanalom wood-processing industry in Medan, focusing on human and environmental factors. Data were collected through triangulated methods including in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, with analysis structured using the HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) framework. The findings reveal that 80% of participants did not use personal protective equipment (PPE), and all respondents lacked formal safety training. Unsafe behaviors, habitual risk-taking, and normalization of hazards were prevalent among long-term workers. Environmental risks such as poor ventilation, high noise exposure, disorganized machinery layout, and airborne sawdust were found to significantly impair worker safety and cognitive concentration. The implementation of a participatory WISE (Work Improvement in Small Enterprises) training program demonstrated significant behavioral and knowledge improvements. PPE usage increased from 20% to 73%, and awareness of occupational hazards rose to 88%. The application of the HIRARC matrix proved instrumental in prioritizing risks and achieving quick safety improvements, even within the constraints of informal MSMEs. The study supports the effectiveness of participatory, theory-informed safety interventions and calls for their wider application in similar contexts. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to improve occupational safety in Indonesia’s informal sector.

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Anastrani, D. (2020). Analisis Kecelakaan Kerja Di PT Papertech Indonesia Unit II Magelang Dengan Pendekatan Incidents Rates Dan Metode HIRA.Universitas.Muhammadiyah Magelang.

Arsyad, S. A., & Rivai, A. (2019). Perilaku Pengrajin Meubel Dalam Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) Di Kelurahan Manongkoki Kecamatan Polobangkeng Utara Kabupaten Takalar. Jurnal Sulolipu Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika Dan Masyarakat, 19(1), 21–27.

BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. (2023). Kecelakaan Kerja Makin Marak Dalam Lima Tahun Terakhir. https://www.Bpjsketenagakerjaan.Go.Id/Berita/28681-Kecelakaan-Kerja-Makin-Marak-Dalam-Lima-Tahun-Terakhir.

Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. Designing And Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.2017.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th Ed.). SAGE Publications. Https://Doi.Org/10.3138/Cjpe.30.1.10

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.30.1.108

Cruz, L. J., & Reyes, M. E. (2017). Participatory approaches in improving occupational safety: Lessons from small Philippine enterprises. Journal of Southeast Asian Occupational Health, 23(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.2217/soh.23.88

Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH). (2008). Guidelines for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC). https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/publication/guide-line/414-guidelines-on-hirarc-2008/file

Desti, V., Sribudiani, E., & Mardhiansyah, M. (2018). Identifikasi Sumber Bahaya (Hazard) Dalam Penerapan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Di Industri Penggergajian Kayu Berkat Shalawat Kecamatan Tembilahan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Jurnal University Of Riau, 5(2 Juli-Desember 2018), 1–9.

Gunningham, N. (2008). Occupational health and safety, worker participation and the mining industry in a changing world of work. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 29(3), 336–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X08092460

Heinrich, H. W., Petersen, D., & Roos, N. (1980). Industrial Accident Prevention: A Safety Management Approach (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

ILO (2018). Meningkatkan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Pekerja Muda/Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional,Kantor Jakarta.

ILO. (2013). Training Package on Work Improvement in Small Enterprises (WISE). International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/empent/areas/WCMS_168259/lang--en/index.htm

International Labour Organization (ILO). (2013). Improving working conditions and productivity in small and medium enterprises in the woodworking sector. https://www.ilo.org/sector/Resources/publications/WCMS_232346/lang--en/index.htm

Jalaludin, M. H., & Abdullah, M. R. (2018). Effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health Training among Workers in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 15(1), 45–52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328793819

Kanamori, S., Aoyama, A., & Poudel, K. C. (2015). Participatory approaches for improving occupational health in small-scale enterprises: Lessons from participatory action-oriented training. Safety and Health at Work, 6(2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2015.01.002

Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. (1999). Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. KEP-51/MEN/1999 tentang Nilai Ambang Batas Faktor Fisika di Tempat Kerja.

Khanifah, U., Fathoni, A., & Magdalena M, M. (2018). Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pada Pengerajin Mebel Limbah Kayu Dengan Analisa SWOT (EFAS-IFAS) (Studi Kasus: Pengrajin Mebel Limbah Kayu Desa Kangkung, Kec. Mranggen, Kab. Demak ). Journal Of Management, 4, 1–22.

Najihah K, Nur A, Ananda A,Ervan KA, Implementation Of Work Improvement In Small Enterprises (Wise).Jurnal Perilaku Kesehatan Terpadu.E-ISSN2961-8525. Page 56-73.

Najihah K, Salmira CS, Ramadhani S, Apriani N, Hasibuan SS,. Identify Potential Dangerous Of Unsafe Action And Unsafe Condition With Work Accident. Journal Of Asians Multicultural Research For Medical And Health Science. 2020; 1(2).8

Reason, J. (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Ashgate.

Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403

Sari, A.Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kecelakaan Kerja Di Industri Kayu. Jurnal Penelitian Kecehatan Dan Keselamatan.2019.Ini Ya Ja

Su, T. N., Nguyen, T. T., & Pham, D. M. (2021). Occupational Health Conditions in Informal Carpentry Workshops in Northern Vietnam. Asian Journal of Occupational Health and Safety, 6(2), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.26593/ajohs.v6i2.112-124

Sucipto,C.D. (2019). Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja. Yogyakarta: Gosyen Publishing.

Tajudin, (2022). Https://Banten.Tribunnews.Com/2022/10/14/5980-Kasus- Kecelakaan-Kerja-Dibanten-Sampai-Oktober-2022-Kegores-Hingga-Jatuh- Dari-Ketinggian

Undang-Undang No.1 Tahun 1970 Tentang Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja.

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Yosepin P C Manalu., Junita Sitorus., Santy,D,S., Firman, F, S., Eva,F,K., Perry,B.C,S., 2023. Factors Affecting Work Accidents In Woodworkers On Jl. Kapten Sumarsono.

Yulianto, B., Pradana, A., & Rakhmawati, W. (2019). Evaluation of WISE-based training on OSH practices in batik SMEs in Yogyakarta. Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety, 4(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijos.v4i1.2019.12-21

Downloads

Published

2025-08-20

How to Cite

Siregar, K. N., Amalia, N., Apriliana, A. ., & Telamumbanua, E. K. (2025). Participatory Safety Improvement in Informal MSMEs: Human Factors, Environmental Risks, and WISE Intervention Outcomes in Indonesia. Jurnal Perilaku Kesehatan Terpadu, 4(1), 01–16. https://doi.org/10.61963/jpkt.v4i1.136

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Perilaku Kesehatan Terpadu (Jupiter)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Perilaku Kesehatan Terpadu

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Please find the rights and licenses in Register: Jupiter Perilaku Kesehatan Terpadu. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.

1. License

The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

2. Author(s)' Warranties

The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).

3. User/Public Rights

Register's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Register permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Register on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.

4. Rights of Authors

Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;

Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
The right to self-archive the article (please read out deposit policy),
The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi).
5. Co-Authorship

If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Register will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Register will only communicate with the corresponding author.

6. Royalties

Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Register entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.

7. Miscellaneous

Register will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Register's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.